Analysis of Sonnet 73 Essays -- Sonnet essays

Line 1* - that time of year being late autumn or aboriginal winter. Line 2* - Compare the line to Macbeth (5.3.23) my way of life/is falln into the sere, the yellow leaf. Line 4* - Bare ruind choirs is a reference to the remains of a church or, more specifically, a chancel, stripped of its jacket and exposed to the elements. The choirs formerly rang with the sounds of sweet birds. Some argue that lines 3 and 4 should be read wi gramt pause -- the yellow leaves call down against the cold/Bare ruind choirs . If we assume the adjective cold modifies Bare ruind choirs, then the go for becomes more concrete -- those boughs are sweeping against the ruins of the church. Some editors, however, choose to insert like into the opening of line 4, thus changing the passage to mean the boughs of the yellow leaves shake against the cold like the jagged arches of the choir stand exposed to the cold. Noted 18th-century scholar George Steevens commented that this image was probably suggested to Shakespeare by our desolated monasteries. The resemblance between the vaulting of a Gothic isle sic and an avenue of trees whose upper branches meet and form an arch overhead, is too striking not to be acknowledged. When the roof of the one is shattered, and the boughs of the other leafless, the semblance becomes more solemn and picturesque (Smith 148). Line 7* - black nighttime is a metaphor for death itself. As black night constrainings in around the remaining light of the day, so too does death close in around the poet. Line 8* - Deaths second self i.e. black night or sleep. Macbeth refers to sleep as The death of each days life (2.2.49). Line 12* - that i.e. the poets desires. Line 13* -... ...the west, After the sun sets in the west, Which by and by black night doth take away, Which is soon extinguished by black night, Deaths second self, that seals up all in rest. The image of death that envelops all in rest. In me thou seest the glowing of such fire In me you can see the glowing embers That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, That lie upon the ashes remaining from the flame of my youth, As the death-bed whereon it must buy the farm As on a death bed where it (youth) must finally die Consumed with that which it was nourishd by. Consumed by that which once fed it. This thou perceivest, which makes thy approve more strong, This you sense, and it makes your love more determined To love that well which thou must leave ere long. Causing you to love that which you must give up before long.  

Effects Of Rape On Women Essay -- essays research papers

Websters Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing an separate person to submit to wind deed of conveyances, especially intimate intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some intend or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. This paper will evaluate rape, as well as the effects it has on women, the theory behind male dominance and patriarchy, and differences in demographics. Rape is a crime that combines sex and violence, that makes sex the weapon in an act of violence.(Kimmel 257) Because of this, rape is often traumatic for the dupe of a rape. Many victims undergo what is known as rape trauma syndrome, rape trauma syndrome, consisting of an acute stage, where the primitive response is fear, followed by a reorganization stage, characterized by phobias, insomnia, sexual dysfunctions, and major changes in life-style.(Chandler et al pp. 248) These argon some of the psychological side effects that women mustiness endure after the rape. There are also other factors, relating to the individual that effect rape trauma they include, age, prior sexual experience, ethnicity, and response of significant others to the victim. Factors relating to the sexual assault, such as degree of violence and the relationship between the victim and the assailant also affect trauma.(Chandler et al pp 249) Overall, is is safe to say that there are many psychological effects of rape that allows women to fear the attack of a rape. In many rape situations, the victim is raped by an aquaintance, therefore the victim is less credibly to report the rape. About 15 percent of college women report having been sexually assaulted more than half of these assaults were by a person that the women was dating.(Kimmel 233) If more than half of the sexual assaults and rapes are commited by a person that a women is dating or at least knows, then the people that are the rapists are the day-by-day Joes walking down the street, not the psychotic rapist that women are on the look out for. Moreover, 20 to 50 percent of women have preserve sexual coercion at least once while dating.(Burke et al 272) This statistic shows that when women are in a relationship they are much less likely to report a rape. Women tend to... ...ies that in rapes where white men are the offender, they usually know the victim, however, in cases where black men are the rapist, they tend to be strangers. Abortion is a very controversial resolution in our society. However, people tend to feel differently about abortions for rape victims. The contriversy over the abortion issue is that if a woman is responsible enough to go through the actions to become pregnant, she should be able to have the child. Churches believe that abortion is murder. However, if a woman is raped, she did not give her consent to have sexual intercourse with the offender. agree to Schum an and Scott, although there are many people that have mixed feelings about abortion, in other words they believe that it is okay at some times, but at other times they feel that it is wrong, the most extreme pro-life people yet believe that abortion is wrong when pregnancy results from rape or incest. (Schuman and Scott 786) In these situations, however, pro-choice believe that women have as much right to choose what happens to their body. According to Kimmel, in some states abortion is only legal in cases of rape or of a threat to the mothers health (Kimmel 255).

The Internet’s Impact on Stock Trading Essay -- Cause Effect Essays

The Internets Impact on Stock Trading in the beginning the internet, stock trading was done exclusively through brokers. Now that computers and technology pick out apparent strongholds in the realm of stock trading, more people have access to the market. This essay shares some experiences that online stock trading services and day traders have had due to the radical movement of online trading. The essay commences with a fictional legend that describes one mans unfortunate experience through online trading. It then moves to some non-fictional examples. One company was forced to leave the prospect of trading fundament and had to close its services. A nonher has found refuge in expanding its holdings by moving its primary focus away from online trading services after gaining its initial capital letter exclusively through this form of business. Individual investors have also gained and lost through internet stock trading. In one example, a retired nurse moves her retreat fu nd into the stock market in order to make money. And in another, a man invests in technological stock but realizes that they are not as strong as he once thought two years prior. Each of these entities has been affected by the decline in the stock market, and not all were winners. Using research gathered from other publications, this essays goal is to focus on the importance of online stock trading and to demonstrate, through analysis, the introduce that the industry is vulnerable to an extended decline in the stock market. It was going to be a sure fire way to make some contiguous money. In the late 1990s, high technology and internet stocks were experiencing tremendous gains and a new way of trading stock was being developed. Online trading was in its ... ...sh. Gains decoy Fed up with Advice to Stay Put, Some Investors are Looking toMake a Quicker Buck. 13 Aug 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct 2002. <http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/ schedule/.Glassman , James K. Tech-Bashers run away the Point. 24 Feb. 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29Oct. 2002. < http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/. Kanaley, Reid. Herd has Veered Away from Online Investing. 15 Oct. 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct. 2002. <http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/.Tunick, Britt. The Financial Supermarket. 17 June 2002. LexisNexis Database. 29 Oct. 2002.< http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/. Wong, A.Y.L. Ceasing of the Companys Online Share Trading. 12 July 2002. LexisNexisDatabase. 29 Oct. 2002. < http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document/.

gatdream Exploding the American Myth in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Exploding the American Myth in The Great Gatsby The American genius declares the immunity and equality among all people. On this declaration was built the collective dreams of a nation as well as millions of personal dreams. F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, exposes the American Constitution for the myth that it always was by revealing the existing class distinctions. The Great Gatsby provides the petty details of the aimlessness and shall owness of the idyll rich, the extravagance of their parties, and the illegal sources of the gold that fueled such mindless activities. Myrtles attempt to become a member of Toms group is predestined to fail, because he is of the wealthier, more sophisticated class. Taking advantage of her animation, her wide awake nature, she tries to elude the rest of her class. She gets involved in an affair with Tom, and inherits his values, and his way of living. By doing so, she only demoralizes herself, and becomes corrupt like the rich ar e stereotyped to be. She belittles people from her own class, and loses all sense of honor that she once had. And for all her kind zests, Myrtle never does find her place in Toms high brow world of the rich. Fitzgerald portrays Myrtles condition, obviously, as a minor reflection to Gatsbys more substantial struggle. While Myrtles ambitions come from her social desires, Gatsbys are linked more to his idealism, his strong belief in lifes opportunity. For sure, his desire is influenced by social considerations as well Daisy, who is beautiful and rich, shows a lifestyle that is distant to Gatsbys and therefore is more attractive to him, because it is so far out of his reach. However, social status is not his premier reason for loving Daisy. It only leads him, and makes him subject to believe in lifes great opportunity. Like Myrtle does, Gatsby fights to fit himself into another social group, the one of old money, but his attempt is more significant, because his whole faith in lif e is rested upon it. Therefore, his failure is much more frightful to him, as any larger dreams failure turns out to be. His whole objective, his confidence in life and himself is completely smashed when he fails to win Daisys love. His death, when it arrives is nearly meaningless, for, with the defeat of his dream, Gatsby is already spiritually murdered, and would lose all faith in life.

Rap Vs Poetry Essay example -- essays research papers

"When I first started incriminationping, me and a couple brothers would all sit around my arrange freestyling while someone beat boxed. I even used to tell all the girls that I was a poet. They seemed to find it a little more contact than a rapper" (Prince Paul, The Source 16) The lyrics of rappers are very similar to the words of Black poets. It is argued as to wether or not rap is a workable mannikin of poetry. Both discuss similar subjects, write in the same style and use the same type of language in their writings. When looking at a song or reading rap lyrics, distinguishing between the two can be difficult, if not impossible.Both Black rappers and Black poets write to the highest degree the same subjects. For manakin the rap group NWA, and the poet Alice Walker, both cover the topic of being from a minority race. Alice Walker states in one of her poems that "there is no planet eery than the one im from" (Walker, "Note Passed To Superman" 18-19). What Alice is saying is that the world is strange because people judge others by their skin color. The approach NWA takes is a more presumptuous one. In the song "Fuck Tha Police", NWA says " Young nigga got it bad cuz im brown / And not the other color so police think / They have the authority to kill a minority" (NWA "Fuck Tha Police" 3-5). Another common subect between Black poets and rappers is "ghetto life". Nikki Giovanis poem called "For Saundra" is about how she is going to write a poem about trees and blue skies. Then she realized that she was living in a "concrete jungle".      i wanted to write / a poem / that rhymes / save revolution doesnt lend / itself to bebopping / then my neighbor / who thinks i hate / asked -do u ever write / tree poems- i like trees / so i thought / ill write a beautiful geen tree poem / peeked from my window / to check the image / noticed the school yard was covered / with asp halt / no green - no trees grow / in Manhattan / then, well, i thought the sky / ill do a big blue sky poem / alone all the clouds have winged / low since no-Dick was elected / so i thought again / and it occurred to me / maybe i shouldnt write / at all / but clean my gun / and check my kerosene supply (Giovanni "For Saundra")What all this is about is simply the reality of the urban ghettos. Gangstarr als... .... To all my brothers in the streets / I know u feel you have to hustle cause your peeps gotta eat / Makin moves right and exact dont wanna see you layin flat / Dont wanna see ya catch a bullet black / If we dont make water well be destroyed / Thats a challenge we face in the race of poor and unemployed (Gangstarr "In Memory Of")This song by Gangstarr is about life on the streets and what one must do to survive on the streets. The messages found in theses rap songs and poems are important messages that must be listened to. They speak about what is happening in society and what we have to do to change it or in some cases stop it.     In conclusion, the lyrics of rappers are very comparable to the intercommunicate words of Black poets. There can be comparisons made in the style of writing, the subjects, language and the messages behind the writings. All of these similarities make rap a viable form of poetry that is enjoyed and understood by young people in todays society. Todays teenagers, in many cases, would, not read poetry and comprehend the message, but, they would listen to rap and be able to understand the idea the artist is trying to get across.

Rap Vs Poetry Essay example -- essays research papers

"When I first started rapping, me and a couple brothers would any sit near my place freestyling while someone beat boxed. I even used to tell all the girls that I was a poet. They seemed to find it a little more than touching than a rapper" (Prince Paul, The Source 16) The lyrics of rappers are very similar to the words of Black poets. It is argued as to wether or not rap is a possible form of poetry. Both discuss similar subjects, deliver in the selfsame(prenominal) style and use the same type of language in their writings. When looking at a meter or reading rap lyrics, distinguishing between the two can be difficult, if not impossible.Both Black rappers and Black poets write about the same subjects. For example the rap group NWA, and the poet Alice Walker, both cover the topic of being from a minority race. Alice Walker states in one of her poems that "there is no artificial satellite stranger than the one im from" (Walker, "Note Passed To Superman&quo t 18-19). What Alice is saying is that the world is strange because people judge others by their skin color. The approach NWA takes is a more assuming one. In the song "Fuck Tha Police", NWA says " Young nigga got it bad cuz im brown / And not the other color so police think / They engender the authority to kill a minority" (NWA "Fuck Tha Police" 3-5). Another common subect between Black poets and rappers is "ghetto life". Nikki Giovanis poem called "For Saundra" is about how she is going to write a poem about trees and blue skies. Then she realized that she was living in a "concrete jungle".      i wanted to write / a poem / that rhymes / but revolution doesnt lend / itself to bebopping / then my neighbor / who thinks i hate / asked -do u ever write / tree poems- i like trees / so i thought / ill write a beautiful geen tree poem / peeked from my window / to check the image / noticed the school yard was covered / with asphalt / no green - no trees grow / in Manhattan / then, well, i thought the sky / ill do a big blue sky poem / but all the clouds have winged / low since no-Dick was elected / so i thought again / and it occurred to me / maybe i shouldnt write / at all / but clean my gun / and check my kerosene supply (Giovanni "For Saundra")What all this is about is simply the reality of the urban ghettos. Gangstarr als... .... To all my brothers in the streets / I go to sleep u feel you have to hustle cause your peeps gotta eat / Makin moves right and exact dont wanna see you layin flat / Dont wanna see ya catch a bullet smutty / If we dont build well be destroyed / Thats a challenge we face in the race of poor and unemployed (Gangstarr "In Memory Of")This song by Gangstarr is about life on the streets and what one must do to survive on the streets. The messages found in theses rap songs and poems are important messages that must be learned to. They mouth about what is happening in society and what we have to do to change it or in some cases stop it.     In conclusion, the lyrics of rappers are very same to the spoken words of Black poets. There can be comparisons made in the style of writing, the subjects, language and the messages behind the writings. All of these similarities make rap a viable form of poetry that is enjoyed and understood by young people in todays society. Todays teenagers, in many cases, would, not read poetry and comprehend the message, but, they would listen to rap and be able to understand the idea the artist is trying to get across.

Japanese Culture Essay

In an article written by Cristoph Mark entitled Love, beloved style for the Daily Yomiuri, he discussed the grapple of having an international marriage in Japan meaning that the couples have different nationalities or cultural background. In Japan, only a small percentage engages in mixed marriages, probably because Japanese seemed more traditional and close-knit. Also, Japanese cultured tend to be more conventional and more family-oriented. Having diverse origins between a husband and a wife would entail a clash on what practices or beliefs should prevail in the household.Based on the couple that was interviewed by Cristoph who were Tony, an position social advocate and Saori, a Japanese manga artist and w ceremonyr, they conceded to the idea that an international marriage causes cultural differences. However, in their case, they believe that their differences are just mere edition of preferences that are close likely influenced by their partiality over a certain belief or incli nation and non by tradition or culture. But at the latter part of the article, the couple mentioned that they have been experiencing difficulty in determining the language that they would teach their son (Cristoph, 2009).This clearly shows that no yield how much people exert an effort to have tolerance and acceptance to make international marriages work, cultural difference will always be a concern. In Japan, much importance is given to the concept of family. Japanese families have continuity. From their ancient ancestors to present descendants, each member of the family is respected and their traditional practices are passed on from one generation to another. Also, the head of family always fall into the hands of the father making a Japanese family patriarchal.However, due to changing times and the occurrence urbanism and broken in tolerate rate, this traditional practice and belief is being challenged. Nowadays, modern Japanese are opting to prioritize their careers rather th an starting a family particularly among women. For them, having a contemporary lifestyle is more convenient and practical than their traditional practices. Despite these changes, a majority of the Japanese still prefers to adhere with their traditional concept of a family.In an another article published at the Daily Yomiuri entitled Girl upset over mom marrying foreigner, it talked about the dilemma of a Japanese woman who had married a non-Japanese man without the approval of her daughter and her family after she had separated from her first husband. Because of this issue, it caused a major rift between the woman and her daughter (Daily Yomiuri, 2009). As mentioned, a typical Japanese family is close knit and very conservative.Based on Japanese culture, weddings are treated as sacred rituals that symbolize the rite of passage from one social status to another. More so, weddings can follow the transition to adulthood or a step to parenthood. Traditionally, wedding ceremonies shoul d have family involvement. Also, it should assume several preparatory steps prior to the wedding itself. There is the seeking of parental approval and then choosing mediator, followed by betrothal gift and the scheduling the go steady and selecting the location for the wedding.The ceremony can either be based on Shintoism or Christianity wherein the rituals are categorized into formal and informal stages. These wedding rituals always represent a symbolical meaning that pertains to the futures roles of the couple as husband and wife. The Japanese also stresses the concept of permanence. They believe that an ideal marriage is forever and they also powerfully disagree with the idea of divorce. But in the reply of the lawyer to the letter of the woman, he did not despise the actions of the woman even though she violated most of the Japanese practices on weddings.For him, international marriages are common. But in order to resolve her problems, all she needed to do is talk with her dau ghter. Tradition and culture does not pose a major threat anymore in finding true love or in the womans case fiscal support and the completion of their family (Daily Yomiuri, 2009). Generally, Japanese culture has remained intact for centuries. It was able to preserve its traditional beliefs and practices particularly on the concept of a family.But due to the birth of modernization, new sets of perspectives and ideas are enticing the Japanese to adapt a more contemporary way living which entails discarding or compromising their Japanese culture and tradition. References Cristoph, M. (2009, April 10). Love, darling style. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http//www. yomiuri. co. jp/dy/features/arts/20090410TDY12001. htm Daily Yomiuri. (2009, April 10). Girl upset over mom marrying foreigner. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http//www. yomiuri. co. jp/dy/columns/advice/20090410TDY13001. htm

Eastern Gear

1. What are the major problems being faced by Eastern Gear?The major problems Eastern Gear is facing is that they are accepting prominent nightclubs to benefactor pay their overhead, also, their sales group is not part of the business, thither is no relate between them and manufacturing. Their battle array entry is inefficient the tolerance on products is not firm. The layout of their break is set up to make mistakes and increased contract date has resulted in the fate for an expeditor. Lastly, they are hiring too many employees for the companys necessarily.2. What action should Rhodes take to solve his problems?First, Rhodes needs to stop accepting large orders at discounted prices to help cover overhead, doing this provide not cover overhead and should only be d unitary if the company is facing bankruptcy. Accepting the large orders causes almost of the small orders to carry for cultivateing and in-turn, are late. Also, the sales group is not part of the business, t here is no direct link between them and manufacturing. Therefore, no one is paying concern to the order size. This needs to be corrected by putting a direct line of communication between sales and manufacturing.Second, the order entry constitution needs to be more efficient. A node is able to request a change in design after the order has already been placed, it may be necessary to stop production on these orders and wait for the new raw materials or for the new design to be clarified. They do not induce a process that charges back the variance on these orders they need to input a system where if the client wants a design change, they keep up to pay for it. Also, the customers prints submitted with the order do not always contain the tolerances required during machining. This is a discipline issue within the organization that needs to be eliminated the customer must sign off on the tolerances before the order begins processing.Third, Eastern Gear needs to change the layout of the shop. Lead time has late increased from 2 to 4 weeks, which made it necessary to hire an expeditor, there is a concerning amount of bottlenecks in the production process and inspection of the products is not through with(p) until the order is completed. The shop is set up to make production errors and ship unfinished product. The tools need to be central and equipment should not be set up by persona but placed in proper sequence so that the product moves sequentially from the beginning of production to the end, and quality checks and inspection should be incorporated in the production process.Also, Eastern Gear needs to change their order cessation approach from made-to-order to made-to-stock. Changing the layout of the shop and order fulfilment approach will help reduce bottlenecks and lead time as well as eliminate the need for an expeditor. Lastly, Eastern Gear has a manpower of 50 slew and is managed using a family- type approach. They have hired 10 new employees withi n the last quarter. The typical order spends 90% of the time waiting for a machine to become available, and only 10% of the time is actually spent processing the order, they should not hire more employees.3. How can this fictitious character be link to trading operations strategy and process design concepts?This case related to operations strategy and process design concepts because having a good operations strategy and process design are key to running a successful manufacturing company. As witnessed in this case, the operations strategy and the process design need adjustments in order to be successful.Eastern Gear1. What are the major problems being faced by Eastern Gear?The major problems Eastern Gear is facing is that they are accepting large orders to help pay their overhead, also, their sales group is not part of the business, there is no link between them and manufacturing. Their order entry is inefficient the tolerance on products is not firm. The layout of their shop is set up to make mistakes and increased lead time has resulted in the need for an expeditor. Lastly, they are hiring too many employees for the companys needs.2. What action should Rhodes take to solve his problems?First, Rhodes needs to stop accepting large orders at discounted prices to help cover overhead, doing this will not cover overhead and should only be done if the company is facing bankruptcy. Accepting the large orders causes some of the small orders to wait for processing and in-turn, are late. Also, the sales group is not part of the business, there is no direct link between them and manufacturing. Therefore, no one is paying attention to the order size. This needs to be corrected by putting a direct line of communication between sales and manufacturing.Second, the order entry system needs to be more efficient. A customer is able to request a change in design after the order has already been placed, it may be necessary to stop production on these orders and wait for the n ew raw materials or for the new design to be clarified. They do not have a process that charges back the variance on these orders they need to input a system where if the customer wants a design change, they have to pay for it. Also, the customers prints submitted with the order do not always contain the tolerances required during machining. This is a discipline issue within the organization that needs to be eliminated the customer must sign off on the tolerances before the order begins processing.Third, Eastern Gear needs to change the layout of the shop. Lead time has recently increased from 2 to 4 weeks, which made it necessary to hire an expeditor, there is a concerning amount of bottlenecks in the production process and inspection of the products is not done until the order is completed. The shop is set up to make production errors and ship unfinished product. The tools need to be central and equipment should not be set up by type but placed in proper sequence so that the produ ct moves sequentially from the beginning of production to the end, and quality checks and inspection should be incorporated in the production process.Also, Eastern Gear needs to change their order fulfilment approach from made-to-order to made-to-stock. Changing the layout of the shop and order fulfilment approach will help reduce bottlenecks and lead time as well as eliminate the need for an expeditor. Lastly, Eastern Gear has a workforce of 50 people and is managed using a family- type approach. They have hired 10 new employees within the last quarter. The typical order spends 90% of the time waiting for a machine to become available, and only 10% of the time is actually spent processing the order, they should not hire more employees.3. How can this case be related to operations strategy and process design concepts?This case related to operations strategy and process design concepts because having a good operations strategy and process design are key to running a successful manufa cturing company. As witnessed in this case, the operations strategy and the process design need adjustments in order to be successful.

Themes in Catch-22

In Catch-22, Joseph demon explores the value of life and morality and the absurdity of war by dint of his contrasting characterizations of milo maize Minderbinder and Yossarian, the military base setting, and the conflict between Yossarian and Col unrivaledl Cathcart. Catch-22 is a satire on the bureaucratic nature of the military during World War II. throughout Catch-22, Heller explores different characters reactions to the insane and arbitrary nature of the military bureaucracy. The protagonist, Yossarian, desires above all to preserve his life.However, his life is continually threatened by the increasing number of missions Colonel Cathcart, the principle antagonist of Catch-22, requires him to disappear. Heller characterizes milo maize Minderbinder through the physiognomy of his last name. Minderbinder combines two of milo maizes characteristics mind and bind. Milo has the lowly job of mess hall officer when he arrives on the military base in Pianosa. Milo explains to Yossa rian that his goal is give the men in this squadron the best meals in the whole world (64).Milo creates an international syndicate that makes money by trading between the companies it owns. Even Yossarian frequently fails to understand how such a system is possible. Milo explains the system behind the syndicate I make a profit of three quarter cents apiece when I apportion the lumps to me and a profit of two and three quarter cents apiece when I buy them back from me. Thats a total profit of six cents an egg (230). However, what starts as a brilliant scheme to make money by buying food be amounts sidelined when Milo begins selling information to both the Americans and the Germans.Heller explains Milos ability to manipulate both sides His planes were able to steal over in a sneak attack without alerting the German antiaircraft gunners and since Milo knew about the attack, he was able to alert the German anti-aircraft gunners in sufficient time for them to begin firing accurately t he moment the planes came into range (255). Milo convinces the Germans to honorarium him for every American plane they shoot down, and convinces the Americans to pay him for every target they destroy. Because both sides of the war pay him for their efforts, Milo symbolizes the absurdity and arbitrary nature of the war. age Milo uses the war to make profit, Yossarian does his best to escape the absurdity of the war. Heller characterizes Yossarian through a flashback scene. During the Siege of Avignon, Yossarians friend Snowden dies in Yossarians arms. man in the hospital, Yossarian reflects on the lesson that incident taught him Man was matter, that was Snowdens secret. Drop him out a window and hell fall. Set fire to him and hell burn. Bury him and hell rot, like other kinds of garbage. The spirit gone, man is garbage (440).The lesson Yossarian learns about the value of life from his friend dying in his arms characterizes Yossarian and presents the central convey of Catch-22. Ear lier, darn introducing Havermeyer, the lead bombardier of Yossarians squadron, Heller explains, Havermeyer was a lead bombardier who never bewildered. Yossarian was a lead bombardier who had been demoted because he no longer gave a damn whether he missed or not. He had decided to live forever or die in the attempt, and his only mission each time he went up was to come down alive (29).Yossarians desire to live epitomizes Hellers central theme that life is valuable. The bureaucratic culture of the military base in Catch-22 represents blatant disregard of life, and by contrast, the value of life and morality. In the military base, men can be court-marshaled simply because they are disliked by one of their superior officers. Clevinger, one of Yossarians friends, who Heller describes as being one of those people with lots of intelligence and no brains (68), is court-marshaled, and, as Heller states, the only occasion missing was something to charge him with (71).Clevingers trial is rid iculous Lieutenant Scheisskopf spends so much time correcting the way Clevinger speaks that Clevinger cannot say a word in his defense. Heller goes as far as to say, Clevinger was guilty, of course, or he would not have been accused, and since the only way to prove it was to find him guilty, it was their patriotic duty to do so (81). In such an environment, where men are convicted of crimes simply for the revenge or amusement of their superiors, life becomes absurd.Through contrast with such an environment, Heller presents the actions of characters who try to cut off themselves from the meaningless bureaucracy of the military base and live on the basis that life and morality have meaning. The central conflict of Catch-22 is the conflict between the fence moralities represented by Colonel Cathcart and Yossarian. Colonel Cathcarts greatest desire is to become a military general. Cathcart pursues promotion in an altogether unscrupulous manner. Heller explains that forcing his men to fly more missions than everyone else was the most tangible achievement he had going for him (214).Cathcart sets his goals ahead of morality. He is willing to force hundreds of soldiers to risk their lives for his promotion. Heller appears to have little keep for Cathcart, Colonel Cathcart did not have a chance in hell of becoming a general (215). Yossarian, on the other hand, is unwilling to make a close that would benefit him at the expense of the lives of other soldiers. In response to Yossarians unwillingness to participate in the war, Colonel Korn offers him the choice to be sent home with an faithful discharge or be court-marshaled.During the process of presenting the plan to Yossarian, Korn establishes the basis of Yossarians later refusal of the plan Youd have to be a fool to realise it all away just for a moral principle (428). Yossarian initially accepts the moot, in what he later describes as a moment of weakness (441). Later, however, Yossarian realizes that the dea l is best for Cathcart, Korn and me, not for everyone (442). On moral grounds, Yossarian refuses a contract that presented him with an opportunity to obtain safety and honor.By contrasting Cathcarts unscrupulous pursuit of promotion with Yossarians willingness to jeopardize his life for the sake of morality, Heller demonstrates the importance of life and morality. Catch-22 is an undeniable classic for Hellers presentation of a man who finds meaning and morality within a setting that promotes absurdity. Heller contrasts the characterization of Milo Minderbinder with Yossarian, sets Catch-22 in a military base, and establishes a conflict of ideals between Colonel Cathcart and Yossarian in line of battle to highlight the meaningful nature of life and morality.

HRM practices at Ford Essay

heat content crosswayFailure is simply the opportunity to get down again this time more intelligently. I do not believe a man can ever leave his fear. He ought to think of it by day and dream of it by night It has been my observation that most people get a brain during the time that others waste. total heat crossoverHistory of crosswalk labour club hybridizing ram Company is an American automaker and the worlds third largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales. establish in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by Henry fording, and incorporated on June 16, 1903. Ford beat back Company would go on to become superstar of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as organism one of the few to survive the Great Depression. The largest family-controlled guild in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 100 years. Ford now encompasses several brands, including Lincoln and Merc ury. The founding of Ford Motor CompanyHenry Fords initial foray into auto manufacturing was the Detroit Automobile Company, founded in 1899. The go with floundered, and in 1901 was reorganized as the Henry Ford Company. Ford had a falling out with his pecuniary backers, and in March 1902 left the beau monde with the rights to his name and 900 dollars. The Henry Ford Company changed their name to Cadillac, brought in Henry M. Leland to wield the operation, and went on to be a successful manufacturer of automobiles. Henry Ford himself turned to an acquaintance, coal dealer Alexander Y. Malcomson, to help finance another automobile company. Malcomson put up the silver to start the partnership Ford and Malcomson and the pair purported a car and began ordering parts. However, by February 1903, Ford and Malcomson had gone with more money than expected, and the manufacturing firm of John and Horace Dodge, who had make parts for Ford and Malcomson, was demanding concedement.On Ju ne 16, 1903,the Ford Motor Company was incorporated, with 12 investors owning a total of kelvin shares. Ford and Malcomson together retained 51% of the hot company in exchange for their earlier investments. When the total stock ownership was tabulated, shares in the company were Henry Ford (255 shares), Alexander Y. Malcomson (255 shares), John S. remote (105 shares), John W. Anderson (50 shares), Horace Rackham (50 shares), Horace E. Dodge (50 shares), John F. Dodge (50 shares), Charles T. Bennett (50 shares), Vernon C. Fry (50 shares), Albert Strelow (50 shares), James Couzens (25 shares), and Charles J. Woodall (10 shares). At the kickoff stockholder meeting on June 18, Gray was elected president, Ford vice-president, and James Couzens secretary. Despite Grays misgivings, Ford Motor Company was immediately profitable, with pay by October 1, 1903 of almost $37,000. A dividend of 10% was paid that October, an additional dividend of 20% at the beginning of 1904, and another 68% in June 1904.Two dividends of 100% each in June and July 1905 brought the total investor profits to nearly 300% in just over 2 years 1905 total profits were almost $300,000. However, there were internal frictions in the company that Gray was nominally in charge of. Most of the investors, both Malcomson and Gray included, had their own businesses to attend to only Ford and Couzens worked full-time at the company. The issue came to a head when the principal stockholders, Ford and Malcomson, quarreled over the future direction of the company. Gray sided with Ford. By early 1906 Malcomson was effectively frozen out of the Ford Motor Company, and in may sold his shares to Henry Ford. John S. Gray died unexpectedly in 1906, and his position as Fords president was taken over by Ford himself soon afterwardward. Ford came to India in 1998 with its Ford Escort modelFord India was ranked as one of the top 25 best employers in India in 2009 by the Hewitt Associates.The company was included i n the top 25 employers due(p) to an objective oriented strategy, unbendable emphasis on recruiting, motivating, developing and training capable human resources. The company has implemented career development in the company objectives and there is an open culture at every level of the organisation. Growth oriented strategies and well being of employees are emphasised to enhance employee satisfaction (Ford Motor Company 2009). Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using e wearately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving collection lines. HenryFords methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914.Alan MulallyAlan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer and business executive who is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company. Ford, which had been struggling during the late-2000s recession, returned to profitability under Mul ally and was the only American major(ip) car manufacturer to avoid government-sponsored bankruptcy. Mulally was previously executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA). He began his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969 and was largely assign with BCAs resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s. EducationMulally ammonia alumd from the University of Kansas, also his mothers alma mater, in 1969 with Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering. He is an alumnus of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity and is its 2007 Man of the Year. He received a Masters degree in Management (S.M.) as a Sloan Fellow from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1982. Ford Motor CompanyMulally was named the President and CEO of Ford Motor Company on September 5, 2006, bring home the bacon William Clay Ford, Jr.CURRENT NEWSFORD EARNS FIRST QUARTER PRE-TAX OPERATING PROFIT OF $2.3 BILLION AND NET INCOME OF $1.4 BILLION + Ford Motor Company NYSE F today reported 2012 first quarter pre-tax operating profit of $2.3 billion, or 39 cents per share, and net income of $1.4 billion, or 35 cents per share, led by strong action in North America and Ford Credit. Ford has now been profitable on a pre-tax operating land for 11 consecutive quarters. (27 April 2012)Ford claims duplex Edmunds value awardsFord dominated five categories of Edmunds 2012 Best Retained Value Awards. Ford F-150 took Large Light-Duty Truck honors for offering so many models and usable features, while Ford F-350 Super Dutys ideal mix of power,brawn and refinement earned it the Large Heavy-Duty Truck award. The best cribbage car you can buy goes to Ford Mustang in the $25,000-$35,000 Coupe category while top dog Ford Shelby GT500 won twice, taking both Coupe and Convertible everywhere $45,000 groups. Click here for more. (24 April 2012)Ford Motor Company has long had a history of advertising slogans that bring the current company dir ection to the masses and now, FoMoCo has uncover the newest motto that the company believes will resonate well both with consumers and employees Go Further. merciful choice Managment for Ford Motor CompanyFord Motor Company is a world-wide leader in automotive and automotive-related products and services as well as in new industries such as aerospace , communications and financial services . Their mission is to improve continually their products and services to meet their customer s needs , allowing them to prosper as a business and to provide a reasonable return for their stockholders , the owners of their business . Values , how they accomplish their mission is as measurable as the mission itself . Fundamental to success for the company are these radical values People , their people are the source of their strength People provide their corporate intelligence and determine their reputation and vitality . Involvement and team up work are their core human values . Products , T heir products are the end of their efforts , and people should be the best in serving customers world-wide . Operation in the Human imaginativeness DepartmentThe Ford Motor company s transition from tough managerialism , a management philosophy based on the promising spare-time activity of tight control over all employees , to a strategy of willing participation and involvement. Ford Motor Company in the 1980s provided a in good order example of major changes in personnel practice . They chose to concentrate on Ford for two reasons (a ) because of its paradigmatic importance as progenitor of the traditional output signal approach and (b ) because of the magnitude of the chance it initiated during the 1980s which reflected a critical re-evaluation of the production approach and a significant move in the direction of HRM for strategic reasons Ford is synonymous with the creation of a particularmanagement style- Fordism based on hierarchical decision-making with exact functional s pecialization , tightly defined job design and specialized machinery to mass produce a standard product for mass markets (Starkey Mckinlay ,1989).A conjunction of market and technological factors stimulated Ford s inveterate efforts to redesign jobs , its mode of organization and its prevailing culture . The organizational model for Ford s rethinking of its approach to personnel management was , in part , Japanese-inspired The company s close links with Mazda , in which it owns a 25 a pct stake , serves as a source of competitive bench-marking . This bench-marking formed the basis of its long-term strategy . The pre-existing Fordist dust provided important elements of continuity System or Strategy Used For Hiring parvenue WorkersHenry Ford s keep Five-Dollar-a-Day program , introduced in 1914 contained an element of investment to deal with worker heterogeneity . In the early 1900s , most of Ford s workers were new-fashioned arrivals to Detroit and many were new immigrants in 1 915 more than 50 languages were spoken at Ford s Highland Park plant Ford made two types of investments in profession dealing to deal with worker heterogeneity . First , it is well known that he introduced an extreme division of labor in his mass production system. much(prenominal) an arrangement reduced , if not eliminated , the necessity for workers to communicate with one another. Second, for introduced a system of inspection and certification to homogenize workers with respect to certain productivity attributes . gum olibanum , according to Raff and summers (1987 , some 150 Ford Sociological Department inspectors visited the homes of all workers in to inculcate them with Ford values and to certify them for the Five-Dollar-a-Day program Recruitment is the first important step in creating the right work force for successful training . Most hiring in Japan takes place in spring when students graduate from spirited schools and colleges . New hires arrive ready and malleable for employment-based training . Japanese employers stress academic achievement in their hiring decisions , in contrast to the U .S . stance where academic achievement rarely serve as a hiring criterion . In Japan schools , which are in the best position to judge students achievements , carry out much of the screening through semiformal arrangements with specific employers.Many employers gullestablished ongoing relationships with particular high schools to help recruit their graduates year after year . In hiring for production and clerical jobs , for example , employers , especially large ones , rely extensively on the recommendations from high schools . These recommendations are based mostly on academic achievements . In some cases , employers also administer their own tests , though this practice has become less common recently , given the shortage of high school graduates In hiring workers , Ford had no use for experience and wanted machine-tool operators who have nothing to unle arn , who have no theories of correct surface speeds for metal finishing , and will simply do what they are told to do , over and over again , from bell-time to bell-timeIn deskilling shop-floor work , Ford conformed to the more general foreshorten in US industry at the time . By the 1920s device control had been defeated , and in the process , in most of the major mass-production enterprises , shop-floor workers found themselves excluded from the organizational learning process that generated competitive advantage responding to , and reinforcing , the segment system of skill formation that emerged in dominant US industrial enterprises in the early twentieth century , a highly stratified educational system evolved that effectively separated out future managers from future workers even in the lead they entered the workplace.Thus , a deep social gulf was created between managers as insiders and workers as internationalrs in the employment relations of US industrial enterprises Until the stretch out cristal of the nineteenth century , a formal system of higher education was relatively unimportant for the development and utilization of productive resources , in part because US industry was only beginning to make the transition from the machine-based first industrial revolution , in which shop-floor experience remained important , to the science-based second industrial revolution , in which systematic formal education was a virtual necessity . From the late nineteenth century , however , the system of higher education became central to furnish technical and administrative personnel to the burgeoning bureaucracies of US industrial enterprises create its system.During the period when Ford was developing its system of mass production , itencountered on a correspondingly massive scale the individualized shield of workers who refused to consent to permanent subordination under the new system . By the time the first moving assembly lines were being created in the Highland Park plant , labor turnover was becoming an acute problem for Ford management . In 1913 the rate of lay off at Ford was virtually 370 percent of the Further , according to company officials , during the same period it was not unusual for 10 percent of those currently retention jobs at Ford to be absent on a given day . The company was becoming aware that problems with its labor force were costing it money . hiring and training of new workers on such a massive scale entailed a significant seen as impairing the efficiency of production Another aspect of the labor problem which Ford management perceived was restriction of output or slacking by workers , a form of covert and informally organized resistance which directly challenged the basic presumption of Taylorism and Fordism management control of the pace and intensity of work.Flow production and moving line assemble were reducing the scope for soldiering , but would not eliminate it. Ford management was also conce rned about more organized forms of opposition and the potential influence among its workers of unions such as the Carriage , Wagon and Automobile Workers Union (CWAWU ) and radical groups such as the International Workers of the World (IWW . Although Detroit had been justly known as an open shop township since around 1902 and labor unions and radical organizations were not particularly strong in the automobile plants , the IWW had launched a well publicized campaign to organize Detroit auto workers , had stimulate at Ford s Highland Park plant , and led a strike-all the more frightening to employers because it was organized along industrial rather than craft lines. Ford s problems of labor control were compounded by the large numbers of immigrants who comprised the new industrial workforce at Ford.In 1914 , 71 percent of Ford workers were foreign-born , representing at lest 22 different nationalities (some Ford publications claimed fifty or more ) among which eastern and southern Europeans predominated . Many of these immigrant workers were from a peasant emphasise , and found entirely alien an industrial work culture such as that at Ford . Although the detailed division of labor and specialized machinery in the Ford shops minimized the requirements of skill and judgment and thereby made it possible for un masterly immigrants to become auto workerswith minimal training , Ford managers were concerned about the effects which such a culturally heterogeneous workforce might have upon shop discipline and the steady output of their integrated productive system Fordism and current HRM Practices at Ford MotorsMuch of the origins of Modern Human Resource Management can be traced back to developments in American industry in the early years of the 20th century, more specifically to the management and production policies initiated by Henry Ford at the Detroit factories of Ford Motors.Organising the workforce of the company on the same footing as other factors of produ ction, Ford was instrumental in introducing the concepts of assembly lines, mass production, and the technical division of labour within companies and their production units. Fordism, as this set of personnel management practices came to be known, was identified with strong hierarchical control, extraordinarily good remuneration, (the five dollar day), and the restriction of workers to particular tasks, both accomplished and unskilled. The emphasis in Fordism was on quantity, not quality, and workers were not allowed to involve themselves in any activity outside their specifically delegated functions. Fordism came to be associated with hierarchical decision making, strict functional specialisation, and tightly defined job design. With assembly line stoppages remaining unattended on purpose until the arrival of specialists, and workers knowing very little outside their specific areas of work, product quality in Fordism was allowed to be subordinated to the need to maintain and incr ease volumes.Ford Motors also saw the establishment of the first sociology, or employee wellbeing departments, in which managers tried to assure that domestic problems were not allowed to impinge on assembly line productivity. Whilst absorption and utilisation of modern technology and design have always been associated with Fords way of functioning, the company even today typifies the production model of HR, manifested by tough and consistent practice of industrial relations and a clear think on the continuity of production. HR policies have continued to be hierarchical and the company organisation is known to be multi layered, bureaucratic, and with relatively low levels of delegation and working independence. Reacting to the success of Japanese manufacturing practices, Ford initiated changes in its personnel policies in the early 1980s to bring in elements ofJapanese HR practice. A number of measures for increasing participation and involvement of workers in Ford UK over the f ollowing years led to significant improvement in results. consummation Management imperatives were incorporated into the remuneration structure and problem solving groups, similar to quality circles, now flourish in the company. The companys Employee Development and assistant Programme, which allowed for non-work, non-pay benefits for educational needs of employees also met with significant worker approval. Whilst Ford Motors is trying to make its HR policy more participative and focused on improving workforce skills and abilities, old bureaucratic practices still remain. Industry analysts assert that the company is manager heavy and that individual managers are prone to guard their own turf. It is estimated that Ford has 12 levels between the shop floor worker and the Chief Operating Officer (COO) compared to 4 for Toyota. Despite recent efforts to renew workforce participation, which resulted in thousands of suggestions, even transparently effective recommendations for improving productivity and cutting costs are difficult to introduce because of complex and time consuming procedures and the need for union acquiescence.Steady inroads made by trade unions over the years also means that all Ford workers are covered by contracts that include not just pay and benefits but also a vast range of shop floor actions. Productivity levels, once the glory of the company, is, at 37 hours per vehicle, much worse than Toyotas comparative figures of 27 hours. Strikes are not uncommon, not just at Detroit but also at Ford factories in other countries. A recent strike at Fords Russian factory led to prolonged work disruption and resulted in across the board wage increases of more than 20% before production restarted. Whilst selection and recruitment policies at Ford are extremely structured, with salaries and working conditions being governed by union agreements, adding manpower is the last thing on the managements mind right now. The management, apart from selling off its Jaguar and Land Rover brands, has initiated a process of furlough its American workforce by 30,000 workers, a proposal that has not been met kindly by its unions, and which is likely to be the companys chief HR focus in coming months.HR PRACTICES AT FORD MOTORHR Strategic PlanningCulture and Change ManagementLeadership Development bray Relations achieverion PlanningDiversity EnhancementLearning and DevelopmentEmployee RelationsReward and RecognitionSystems Workforce PlanningRecruiting and SelectionOTHER HR PRACTICES- USSkills and CredentialsHR Summer Intern ProgramHR Ford College Graduate (FCG) ProgramE-HR PracticeHR ONLINE a key fortune of Fords HR service delivery strategy Launched in Jan 1999training programFords training program includes the Fairlane Training and Development Center. This is a bosom that focuses on teaching vital skills to existing employees to become future leaders. For example they teach the Six Sigma theory that is now viewed as one of the most important m anagement theories. Since 1999 Six Sigma has become Fords turnaround strategy to reclaim market share. They trained thousands of their workers to improve their skills on quality management so that they could implement this new strategy. In addition they have set up a Leadership Development Center that is targeted at grooming future leaders. Providing more incentive for workers to work hard and hopefully become leaders in the organization. Fords Performance Appraisal SystemConclusionA broad summarisation of HRM policies at Ford leads to the following conclusions HRM policies at Ford have evolved over many years. Fords HRMpolicies still follow the production model, which whole works towards continuous production.Ford is making efforts to increase worker participation, its inherent bureaucracies and adversarial relationships with Trade Unions make this task difficult and complex. Ford is also very careful about the quality of its employees at all levels. However, with downsizing progr amme in the USA, which includes both managers and workers, has effectually led to most of its recruitment efforts occurring in overseas locations, where local constraints play a part in the recruitment process. Remuneration and benefits for employees are attractive in Ford and the company believes in providing for employees through cash and non cash means. Ford is significantly more constrained in its ability to alter compensation or work practices because of the strength of its Trade Unions. In Ford, whilst the commitment between management and employees is lesser, strong Trade Union agreements make it difficult to terminate workers at will. Trade Unions play a far more dominant role in Ford , especially in its Japanese factories.Some future challenges for fordGlobalization and increased competitionManaging a global workforce.Ensuring availability of employees who have the skills for global assignments. counselling increasingly on employee productivity to ensure competitiveness. Ensuring legal compliance when conducting business abroad.DownsizingManaging organizational relationship with survivorsManaging morale and commitment of survivorsProviding outplacement services or resettlement for employees who lose jobs. Providing personal and family counseling to employees who lose their jobs. Industry and Occupational shiftsManaging workforce with elastic working patterns.Focusing on competencies during hiring process.Designing incentive based compensation.Developing proactive employee development programmes.Technological AdvancementsManaging a virtual workforce.Managing employee alienation.Developing training modules and conducting programmes to provide employees with required skills. Retraining current employees to mange obsolescence.Providing work-life remainder initiatives.OutsourcingManage employee concerns about losing jobs due to outsourcing. Managing employee morale and productivity.Flexible Work ArrangementManaging the loss of organizational control ove r work.Developing programmes for motivating the flexible workforce. Developing ways of ensuring commitment of the flexible workforce to the firm. Workforce CompositionDevising customized HR strategies for hiring, retaining, and motivating employees belonging to different generations. Developing life-style driven perks for the new generation employees. Developing work-life balance programmes.Ageing population and workforceFinding replacement for retirees.Managing the demand-supply gap for qualified managerial talent due to a large retiring workforce. Developing mentoring programmes to ensure the skills of experienced mangers are passed on to new managers. Obsolescence training and retaining of older employees.Managing retirement policies.Conducting programmes to retain experienced employees.Women in workforceStrategizing to attract and retain educated and skilled women workers. Conducting programmes for women who opt for career breaks.Providing facilities such as crches, flexible wor king hours, etc. Global WorkforceDeveloping diversity training programmes.Developing HR initiatives directed to workforce diversity.Identifying and training expatriate managers for overseas assignments. Developing equitable pay plans for individuals working in differentcountries.ReferencesBriscoe, D, Schuler, R, & Claus, L (2004), International Human Resource Management Policy and Practice for Multinational Enterprises, 2nd Edition, Routledge Brewster, C, Sparrow, P, & Vernon, G, (2007) International Human Resource Management. 2nd Edition, London, UK, Chartered Institute of Personal Development Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., & Morley, M. (Eds.), (2000) New Challenges for European Human Resource Management, Basingstoke, England Macmillan Briscoe, D. R., & Schuler, R. S. (2004). International Human Resource Management Policies & Practices for the Global Enterprise. New York Routledge Drucker, Peter, 1992, The New Society of Organizations, Harvard Business Review Fackler, M, (2007), The Toyota Way is translated for a New generation of Foreign Managers, The New York Times, Retrieved February 18, 2008 from www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/business/worldbusiness/15toyota.html Gratton, L., Hailey, V. H., Stiles, P., & Truss, C. (1999), Strategic Human Resource Management Corporate Rhetoric and Human Reality. Oxford Oxford University Press Hughes, A. (2005, September), Fixing Ford Darryl B. Hazel Revived the Lincoln Mercury Division. Now the 33-Year Veteran Faces the Greatest Challenge of His Career. Black Enterprise, 36, 116+ Keeley, T. D. (2001). International Human Resource Management in Japanese Firms Their Greatest Challenge. New York Palgrave Kim, P. S. (1999). Globalization of Human Resource Management A Cross-Cultural Perspective for the Public Sector. Public Personnel Management, 28(2), 227 Kraut, A. I., & Korman, A. K. (1999), Evolving Practices in Human Resource Management Responses to a Changing World of Work (M. London, Ed.). San Francisco Jossey-Bass Mathews, A. (1998), Diversity A Principle of Human Resource Management. Public Personnel Management, 27(2), 175+ May, M, 2006, LEARNERSHIP At Toyota, Success Is a Time for Reflection, Wharton Leadership Digest, Retrieved February 18, 2008 from elegantsolutions.typepad.com/elegant_solutions/2007/08/learnership-at-.html Management and Staff Motivation Key to Cope with Rapid Change, Report Stresses, 2006, August 16, Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), p 8 Mcgoldrick, J., Stewart, J., & Watson, S. (Eds.). (2002). Understanding Human Resource Development A Research-Based Approach. London Routledge Meyer, S. (1981). The Five Dollar Day Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford MotorCompany, 1908-1921 /. Albany, NY State University of New York Press Prahlad, C, and Gary Hamel, 1990, The core competence of the corporation, Harvard Business Review Rosenzweig, P. M., & Nohria, N. (1994), Influences on Human Resource Management Practices in Multinational Corporations. journal of International Business Studies, 25(2), 229+ Shiomi, H. & Wada, K. (Eds.), (1995). Fordism Transformed The Development of Production Methods in the Automobile Industry. Oxford Oxford University Press Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., & Harris, H. (2004), Globalizing Human Resource Management, New York Routledge Studer-Noguez, I. (2002). Ford and the Global Strategies of Multinationals The North American Auto Industry. London Routledge www.google.comwww.bing.comwww.wikipedia.orgwww.managementencyclopedia.comwww.yahoo.inwww.scribd.comwww.slideshare.com

GBE Domestic Politics

Political risk is worth considering because an action or a spay n policy in one country can have a big impact on the financial sector and the providence of that country. Political risks are generally associated closely with the government as well as governmental and security spotlight in a country. If the political particular is stable, generally business runs smoothly. In terms of the stock market, a conducive political situation would make the stock price go up.Conversely, if the political situation is uncertain, it would cause the element of uncertainty in the business. In Indonesia, after the fall of the New Order, changes in politics and governance was characterized by a significant change in the political system (a process of demagnification) which had opened new opportunities and as well new threats to the business community this country. For years, during New Order, political parties in Indonesia were only 3 parties app, Global, and PDP.After New Order fell (Reformation Era), the number of political parties involved in general resource increased significantly. The 1999 general election, the first general election in Reformation Era, was followed by 48 parties. Despite the number of political parties are always changing during the Reformation Era, political situation was relatively stable. The stability also continued under President Silo Bambina Hydrogen. However, in just about current general election, few months ago, at that place were some instabilities in Indonesian politics.This paper will expose these conditions (the last general election) and their impacts on the industry, particularly palm oil industry, using the case of flourishing Agric Resources Ltd, one of the biggest palm oil producer in Indonesia. 2. governmental TURMOIL IN 2014 GENERAL ELECTION General election in Indonesia is run in phases, legislative election and presidential election. In 2014 general election, the legislative election was relatively conducive There were 1 5 political parties participated in the election, including 3 topical anaesthetic political parties in Ache.This election was won by paying with the total vote 18. 95% (whom. Penile. Com), followed by Global and Grainier on the second and third place. It was predicted that since the legislative election was held successfully and the situation was very conducive, reflected by there was no substantial protests or objections from he participants, the presidential election (which had two competing candidates, Parabola Substation-Hat Raja and Joke Widow-USAF Kali) would also run smoothly. However, the facts were totally different.Here are some events or facts that showed the unstable political conditions in Indonesia after presidential election in 2014 Different quick count results In quick count, two parties (Parabola-Hat and Kiowa-Kali) claimed as the succeeder Of the presidential election. There were some survey organizations verbalize that the election was won by Parabola-Hat, wh ile the others stated he opposite. ISIS (Center for Strategic & International Studies) through sr. researcher, Philip Vermont, stated that there were advantages in Kiowa-Kaki.The figure reached 51. 9 percent, while Parabola-Hat gained 48. 1 percent. There were also some other survey organizations published similar results, stated that the growner was Kiowa-Kali, such as R & D Compass, ISMS (Useful Musician Research and Consulting), and RI. Meanwhile, some other survey organizations indicated otherwise. A quick count conducted by upstair (Center for Policy Studies and Development Strategy) cleared that Parabola-Hat won the election by 52. 05%, whereabouts-J gained 47. 95 percent.Other survey organizations that declared Parabola- Hat as the winner were National Survey build (LSI) and the Indonesian Voice Network (SSI). These different quick count results were followed by announcement of victory by both candidates, which was the first time in Indonesia history, both competing candid ates claimed as the winner. Moreover, supporters of both camps had celebrated their victories in separated places. Parabolas withdrawal from election process Another surprising event happened on July 22, 2014, when General Elections Commission was announcing the review of the presidential election results.While the recapitulation was still ongoing, Parabola announced that he had withdrawn his presidential candidacy after denouncing the election process as undemocratic. The consolidation of political parties support Parabola and their actions in Parliament Competition between Parabola and Kiowa did not stop when the General Elections Commission stated that Kiowa-Koala was the winner of the presidential election. Parabola along with his supporting parties filed an election disputes to Constitutional Court, though the court finally rejected their petition.In parliament, the parties that were supporting Parabola also took several actions that made Indonesian politics became unstable. T hey asked the Parliament legalize the draft of a Law regarding the local elections. In this new law, direct elections for provincial governors, district chiefs and mayors were eliminated, replaced by appointment by local elected legislatures. There were many opinions from local or international institutions aid that this was a big hit for Indonesian democracy. Indonesian democracy that had been growing in SUB era, was experiencing a substantial setback.The most noticeable effects might be the impacts on the price of stock in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Just after those events happened, the market responded. The responses can be reflected on the chart of Composite Index (JOKE) for the last 6 months. Figure 1 . Composite Index (JOKE) Source finance. Yahoo. Com Just after the presidential election day, the index was increasing, from 4,800 to more than 5,050. Some analysts argued that it was one of Kiosks effects. Despite there were some quick counts that stated that the winner wasParabo la, since the reputation and credibility of those survey organizations were questionable, market believed that Kiowa would win the presidential election. On the day when General Elections Commission was announcing the recapitulation of the presidential election results, the index was slightly decreasing. It might be influenced by Parabolas statement that he had withdrawn from the election process. This statement was perceived as sign of the upcoming political instability in Indonesia. Moreover, on that day, Parabola clearly stated that there was arrogant violation of democracy inducted by General Elections Commission.The clearest evident how market reacted to the political condition might be reflected on the price of stock following what happened in the Parliament in the first week of October. After the Parliament passed the law regarding local elections, which automatically eliminated direct elections for local governments, the stocks dropped significantly. Many political analysts stated that by eliminating direct elections, Indonesian democracy had moved backwards. Golden Agric Resources stock, seemed to follow the market price in general.Its price also creased after what happened in Parliament in early October. Figure 2. Golden Agric Resources Stock Price Source Source finance. Yahoo. Com 4. CONCLUSION Political conditions in a country is an important factor in industry. The influence is channeled through the expectation of business players in the market. When the condition in a country is stable, investors are likely to be willing to invest their coin in that country. On the other hand, political instability might frighten investors to put their money in a country, resulting sell-actions that eventually pushes the stock price.This condition happened in Indonesia recently, following the presidential elections that was won by Kiowa-Koala, resulted in the decreasing Of most stock price in Indonesian Stock Exchange, including the stock price of Golden Agric Resources. However, there is still optimism about political condition in the future. KiowaKali have an important role to stabilize the political condition and create supporting environment for business. On the other hand, industry might also have to adapt with the changes happen.

Does Homework Increase Student Achievement? Essay

Introduction training is a very complex report and a get-go of great discussion. Support for provision has ebbed and flowed all over the last century. Some have argued that the burden of homework ca hires significant family stressincluding parent-child conflict, reduced family leisure time, and overly pall children. (Kralovec & Buell, 2000). Others have argued that homework is a necessary part of the American educational experience. After the Russians launched Sputnik in 1957, Americans were worried about keeping up educationally with other nations and began to demand more homework for the children (Gill & Schlossman, 2000). Due to these changing views on homework, research is more important than ever to determine (if possible) the effects of homework on pupil action. DefinitionsHomework can be outlined as any task assigned by railteachers in tended for students to carry out during non-school hours (Cooper, 1989). The scope of the word homework can include many different ty pes of things. Variations inhomework can be classified according to its (a) amount, (b) skill area, (c) purpose, (d) percentage point of choice for the student, (e) consequence deadline, (f) degree of individualization, and (g) social context. Variations in the amount of homework can appear as differences in both the frequency and length of individual assignments. Assignments can range over all the skill areas taught in school. (p. 1, Cooper, Robinson, and Patall, 2006). Primary Purposes/Benefits of Homework AssignmentsHomework can be assigned to fulfill many purposes. Those purposes are either instructional or non-instructional. (Epstein, 1988 Epstein and Van Voohis, 2001). Practicing or reviewing material from class is the most common instructional purpose. Other purposes include the introduction of unsanded material and the application of learned skills to new situations. Examples of non-instructional purposes are to fulfill district homework policies, open and grown parent-te acher lines of communication, as well as improved parent-child communication regarding school. (Cooper et al., 2006) Students, teachers and parents experience these benefits of the homework assignments. Additional Benefits of Homework succession the primary reason for assigning homework is to aid and reinforce instruction, there is growing evidence that the practice of homework can have special benefits including managing distraction, self-efficacy, and perceived responsibility for learning (Bembenutty, 2009). While these self-regulation tasks, such as time management, setting goals, effort and persistence in completing difficult tasks, and self-monitoring ones exertion, are important to pedantic success, they are also vitally important life skills, especially for successful professional writers, athletes, artists, and scientists. (Ramdass and Zimmerman, 2011). Other benefits include long-term academic benefits such as better study skills, as well as nonacademic benefits such as greater self -direction and more independent problem-solving. In addition, parents tend to have a great appreciation of and involvement in schooling (Protheroe, 2009). Relationship amongst Homework and AchievementThere are vary findings in the research for the relationship betweenhomework and achievement. Some research finds a positive relationship between homework and achievement.Zhu and Leung (2012) analyse this relationship by introducing note of homework as a factor. They foc apply on three aspects frequency and amount of homework types of homework and usage modes of homework. Overall, Zhu & Leung found that the three aspects of homework studied did have a positive influence on assessment results.Tanis and Sullivan-Bustein (1998) studied homework completion and its effect on weekly quiz performance. This research did appearing improved test performance as homework completion increased. This study was somewhat flawed, however, because the participants were not chosen randoml y. The students were chosen due to their history of achievement (or insufficiency thereof) and homework issues. Nonetheless, this research did positively affect the students studied.Omlin-Ruback (1998) conducted a study focusing on increasing homework completion of middle school students through the use of interventions. This study found that the students who were participating in the homework interventions on a daily basis had better grades than those who did not. Thus, students who were completing more homework had improved achievement.While these three studies did find a positive relationship, other research finds no relationship. Trautwein, Schnyder, Niggli, Neumann, and Ludkte (2009) reviewed a great deal of prior research on the relationship between homework and achievement and decided that a more complex research design was required to study this relationship. The results of their study depended on the variables under focus. The homework-achievement association was positive, disallow or not statistically significant depending on which variables were being studied.Opponents point out that homework can also have negative effects on achievement and school in general. It can lead to boredom with schoolwork, since all activities remain interesting only for finite periods of time. Homework can deny children chafe to leisure activities that also teach important life skills. Parents can get too involved in homework. They canpressure children and can confuse them by using instructional techniques that are different from those used by the teacher (p.1, Cooper, 2008).Factors other than Homework that Affect AchievementThe relationship between homework and student achievement is complex. One significant factor other than homework affecting achievement includes home life. Some students do not have the tools or rear at home to complete homework. (Protheroe, 2009). In addition, test anxiety and stress levels can negatively affect student achievement even if homewor k completion is complete and thorough. (Talib and Sansgiry, 2011). Thus, studying a single relationship between homework and student achievement cannot explain the effects, or lack thereof, of homework. ConclusionsThere are varied finding in the research concerning the relationship between homework and student achievement. While there is a great deal of research on the topic of the value of homework in student achievement, it turns out that this relationship is very complex. There are many factors involved, many of which are out of the control of the school or teacher. In addition, there are gaps in the research regarding the different types of homework and the quality of homework. This complex relationship needs to be further defined and refined. Further research needs to be done using new statistical techniques that can successfully handle the number of variables in this relationship.ReferencesBembenutty, H. (2009). Feeling-of-knowing judgment and self-regulation of learning. Educ ation, 129(4), 589-598. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/61800994?accountid=12924 Bempechat, J., Li, J., Neier, S. M., Gillis, C. A., & Holloway, S. D. (2011). The homework experience Perceptions of low-income youth. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22(2), 250-278. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/864940664?accountid=12924 Cooper, H. (2008). A brief history of homework in the united states. research brief. ().National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. 1906 Association Drive, Reston, VA 20191-1502. Retrieved fromhttp//search.proquest.com/docview/61858829?accountid=12924 Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does homework improve academic achievement A synthesis of research, 1987-2003. Review of Educational Research, 76(1), 1-62. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/62008296?accountid=12924 Cooper, H. (1989). Synthesis of research on homework. Educational Leadership, 47(3), 85-91. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docvi ew/63060036?accountid=12924 Dettmers, S., Trautwein, U., Ludtke, O., Kunter, M., & Baumert, J. (2010). Homework works if homework quality is high Using multilevel modeling to predict the development of achievement in mathematics. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 467-482. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/742870744?accountid=12924 Epstein, J. L. (1983). Homework practices, achievements, and behaviors of elementary school students. (). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/63342872?accountid=12924 Epstein, J. L. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships Preparing educators and improving schools Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301 ($35). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/62348785?accountid=12924 Gill, B., & Schlossman, S. (2000). The befuddled cause of homework reform. American Journal of Education, 109(1), 27-62. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/62249711?accountid=12924 Hong, E., Wan, M., & Peng, Y. (2011). Discrepancies between students and teachers perceptions of homework. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22(2), 280-308. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/864939429?accountid=12924 Kralovec, E., & Buell, J. (2000). The end of homework How homework disrupts families, overburdens children, and limits learning Beacon Press, 25 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108-2892 Tel 617-742-2110 Fax 617-742-2290 Web site http//www.beacon.org ($18). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/62323216?accountid=12924 Protheroe, N. (2009). Good homework policy. Principal, 89(1), 42-45. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/61819932?accountid=12924Omlin-Ruback, H.A study of mathematics homework. , 98. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1011399791?accountid=12924. (1011399791 ED531060). Ramdass, D., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). Developing self-regulation skills The important role of homework. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22(2), 194-218. Retrieved f rom http//search.proquest.com/docview/864939542?accountid=12924 Talib, N., & Sansgiry, S. S. (2011). Factors affecting academic performance of university students in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(3), 589-600. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/926273717?accountid=12924 Tanis, B., & Sullivan-Bustein, K. (1998). Teacher-selected strategies for improving homework completion. Remedial and Special Education, 19(5), 263. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/236286267?accountid=12924 Trautwein, U., & Ludtke, O. (2009). Predicting homework motivation and homework effort in six school subjects The role of person and family characteristics, classroom factors, and school track. Learning and Instruction, 19(3), 243-258. Retrievedhttp//search.proquest.com/docview/61902599?accountid=12924 Trautwein, U., Schnyder, I., Niggli, A., Neumann, M., & Ludtke, O. (2009). Chameleon effects in homework research The homework-achievement association depends on the measures used and the level of analysis chosen. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 34(1), 77-88. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/61988315?accountid=12924 Zhu, Y., & Leung, F. K. S. (2012). Homework and mathematics achievement in Hong Kong Evidence from the TIMSS 2003. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 10(4), 907-925. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1037906879?accountid=12924

Effect of Changes in Substrate Concentration on the Reaction Rate

Effect of changes in subst pose concentration on the answer consec consider of an enzyme IB biology Internal Assessment 3/23/12 Research Question Effect of changes in subst ordinate concentration amount on the reaction rate of an enzyme Introduction In this experiment, the substrate is atomic number 1 peroxide. The purpose of this investigation is to find turn up the relationship between the substrate concentration and the rate of reaction. Substrates are molecules that are acted upon by enzymes. For instance, amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, helps break down complex starch molecules (substrates) into sm wholeer sugar molecules (products).In other biochemical reactions, substrates require assist of specific enzymes to form new products. When the amount of enzyme stays constant, the substrate concentration will determine the rate of reaction. However, when the number of substrate molecules exceeds the available number of enzyme, the rate of reaction will no longer increase, b ut stay constant. If there is a constant amount of enzyme, as the concentration of a substrate increased, the rate of reaction will increase as well. This is because of molecular collisions.If you form more reactant molecules, there are more to collide. Aim The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the enzyme activity of catalase Hypothesis When the amount of enzyme stays constant, the substrate concentration will determine the rate of reaction CONTROLLED VARIABLES Units Possible effect(s) on results Amount of enzyme 2. 8g an extra toss out of enzyme can alter the rate of reaction Size and type of try on subway systems 30ml The size and type of demonstrate tubes were constant, because they can alter the pressure Units Range self-supporting VARIABLE Hydrogen Peroxide (Substrate) Concentration ml 5,10,15,20,25,30 DEPENDENDENT VARIABLE Rate of Reaction Seconds 80 secs VARIABLES METHOD FOR CONTROLLING VARIABLES CONTROLLED VARIABLES Method for control 1. Amount of enzyme both liver used were at a constant weight of 2. 8g 2. Size of exam tube All test tubes were 30ml METHOD FOR COLLECTING DATA 1. gussy up a tube rack and place 6 30ml tubes in them. 2. Weigh liver at a constant 2. 8g. 3. Place the 6 pieces of liver into the test tubes. 4.Obtain 3% hydrogen peroxide and a graduated cylinder. 5. Pour 5ml into test tube 1, 10ml into test tube 2, 15ml into test tube, 20ml into test tube 4, 25 ml into test tube 5, 30ml into test tube 6 (but not at once one after the another) . 6. Once hydrogen is in the test tube start the stop watch to see how long it will take to react. 7. Repeat the action in no. 5 & 6, six times for all(prenominal) tube. 8. Observe what happens to the liver while reacting to the hydrogen peroxide. 9. Clear up the station and pour liver into a waste beaker. 0. Clean each of the test tubes out and put the materials away. The materials used in this experiment are I. 50-ml graduated cylinder II. Fresh liver III. 6 test tubes (30 ml) IV. 3% Hydr ogen peroxide V. disposable Pipettes VI. Stopwatch VII. Digital scale VIII. 50ml beaker IX. Test tube rack X. Plastic knife XI. Scissors QUALITATIVE DATA. The reaction started as soon as Catalase moved(p) the surface of hydrogen peroxide. More concentrated hydrogen peroxide produced more oxygen bubbles and the reaction rate was prompt.As more substrate was added the reaction was faster. Once the 5ml of hydrogen peroxide was put into the test tube with the liver, the reaction rate was slow. As the amount of hydrogen peroxide increased the reaction became faster. When putting the 15ml of peroxide into the test tube 3 during the first trial the reaction bubbles spilled into tube 4 affecting the result slightly, because it made it to start reacting before the 20ml of peroxide was put into test tube 4 . In test tube 6 during the first trial the liver was lifted from the surface about 2cm.The color for test tubes 1-5 during all the six trials was light brown, but for tube six the color was dark brown. BEFORE SUBSTRATE AFTER SUBSTRATE RECORDING RAW DATA treat RAW DATA Amount of Solute concentration (ml) Repeat Reaction time (s)(+/-0. 5s) 5 1 cxxx 2 129 3 130 4 132 5 128 6 123 10 1 100 2 110 3 92 4 98 5 95 6 101 15 1 87 2 87 3 84 4 88 5 82 6 84 20 1 63 2 70 3 78 4 71 5 74 6 75 25 1 59 2 58 3 60 4 60 5 58 6 59 0 1 39 2 42 3 37 4 41 5 40 6 38 Amount of Solute concentration (ml) Repeat Reaction time (s)(+/-0. 5s) Mean (s)(+/-0. 5s) 5 1 130 128. 6 2 129 3 130 4 132 5 128 6 123 10 1 100 99. 3 2 110 3 92 4 98 5 95 6 101 15 1 87 85. 3 2 87 3 84 4 88 5 82 6 84 20 1 63 71. 8 2 70 3 78 4 71 5 74 6 75 25 1 59 59. 0 2 58 3 60 4 60 5 58 6 59 30 1 39 39. 5 2 42 3 37 4 41 5 40 6 38 *Sample Calculation of mean sum of reaction time for tube/ of trials 39+42+37+41+40+38=237 237/6= 39. 5 PRESENTING PROCESSED DATA CONCLUDING My hypothesis was supported based on my data. The data suggests that as th e hydrogen peroxide concentration increases the rate of reaction increased. It took less time for it to react according to figure 1. The general trend that was in this experiment was that the numbers for each amount of hydrogen were in the same range e. g. 15ml (87 87 84 88 82 84).My prediction was correct the more substrate was added the less time it used to react thereof a faster reaction rate. There were no anomalous results. The data in this experiment suggests that the change in amount of substrate creates a faster reaction rate. EVALUATING PROCEDURES Even though the experiment and the outcome of the experiment support my hypothesis there are some weakness in this experiment that would comport enabled a better outcome. The weaknesses that were present in the in the method of chosen for this investigation was the size of liver.The last weakness the arrangement in the steps taken. amend THE INVESTIGATION To improve the results of this investigation is the size of liver should have been smaller, so that more reaction would have taken place and the color of the liver would have changed more for all of the tubes. Another improvement would be in the arrangement of steps taken. To avoid the spillover of the reaction bubbles into test tube 4, the amount of hydrogen peroxide should have been in the test tubes first then the liver should have been dropped in after.

Ethnography Proposal Essay

In my ethnography Im going to lease a cocoahouse chain, such as Starbucks. I pass on be observing as salutary as socializing in attempt to compare and contrast multiple characteristics one must consider to face in work in such an environment. At Starbucks the Baristas must shake off a real upbeat personality to each customer. I would like to study a locally owned coffee house as well to compare the different environments and how one might keep a scurvy business afloat when we have such bragging(a) chains. I will be observing the interactions that the Barista have with each customer and how he/she will handle that customer.I plan to visit at least two separate coffee houses that are relatively close to one another and will engage several customers from each shop why they chose each coffee house. I will spend slightly two to three hours at both houses at around the same time of the day. I will be sitting with a notebook to take notes on what Im observing. I whitethorn also include a brief interview with at least one barista, in which i plan to approach with a simple question asking if i could have a act of their time to answer a few questions about their work environment. Questions will not be prying in each i am looking for more generic answers as to how they like working for chain/independent coffee houses.The reason i have chosen to study this group is because i want to figure out how a small business can compete with a large chain such as Starbucks. Everywhere i go i see a Starbucks and closely classmates would like to meet at a Starbucks so i can observe the different make people come in besides getting a cup of coffee. Also caffeine is the worlds nearly popular stimulate and four out of every five Americans drink coffee at any given time.Some problems i will face in my research will be timing. When is the shell time to come in and observe? How long will i be there for? I tend to notice by experience that coffee shops hit off at certain mu ltiplication of the day and are very empty at others. Where the coffee shop is located will be a factor as well. Some questions i had about my study is, Im not sure who i should lean my study towards, would it be more difficult to look at customers or at theemployers. Also should i be comparing separate coffee houses or just cohesive to one?

Case Analysis: Profitability of Wendy’s Chilli Essay

Dave Thomas, the founder of Wendys eating house, opened his first eatery on November 15, 1969 in Columbus, Ohio. Dave was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on July 2, 1932. He was adopted at sixer weeks old by Rex and Auleva Thomas. Dave moved from state to state with his father when his mother passed at the age of 5. At the age of 12, Dave obtained his first job at a restaurant in Knoxville. Thus, he began his love for the restaurant business. At the age of 15, Dave dropped out of high school to work full time in the restaurant business.While working full-time at the Hobby House restaurant, Dave met Colonel Sanders, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken (now KFC). In 1962, Dave was offered the opportunity to turn around four failing Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Columbus, Ohio. Utilizing his past experience, Dave turned the restaurants around, sold them back to KFC, and immediately became a millionaire every last(predicate) at the age of 35. He then co-founded Arthur Tre achers Fish and Chips. Dave again capitalized on his experiences in restaurant management when he decided to establish his profess restaurant.Since hamburgers were his favorite food, Dave decided to start a restaurant that would serve a spirit hamburger without a 30 minute waiting period. Named for his eight year old daughter, Dave started Wendys. In rank to focus on quality and remain competitive, the notice was limited to four basic produces excluding beverages. The carrefour line included hamburgers, jalapeno, cut fries, and Wendys Frosty dairy Dessert. Wendys hamburgers patties consisted of ? pound of 100 per centum pure domestic call, served as a squ be shaped patty rather than a round shaped patty, and served hot n juicy in accordance with individual customer orders.The french fries were sliced slightly protracted and thicker from high quality potatoes and cooked in excessly-designed fryers to allow the inside to be cooked without burning the outside. Wendys Fros ty Dairy Dessert is a thick blend of vanilla and chocolate flavors and must be served with a spoon as a dessert rather than a straw. Wendys chili is the fourth basic calling card item. Whenever the cook overestimated customer demand, beef patties stayed on the cook beyond the recommended time. This caused the beef patties to be well do.To keep down customer dissatisfaction, Wendys used the well done beef patties that had been refrigerated from the previous day and could not be served to customers. Each eight ounce serving contained about a quarter pound of cast anchor beef. Wendys chili is raild by the assistant manager or an experienced crew share using an original recipe. The labor cost for the assistant manager and crew member is listed in shelve 1. The cost to constitute the chili is listed in Table 2 under. Table 3, illustrates the direct cost associated with the intersection of chili. Table 1.Labor costs for assistant manager or a crew member to prepare chili in 19 78 Table 2. Ingredients and costs in 1978. Table 3. Direct cost for 1978 In the guinea pig of a shortage of overcooked patties, beef patties were cooked for the sole purpose of inclusion in the chili. In order to prepare a pot of chili, it took 10 to 20 minutes of preparation time. This process required chopping the meat into menial pieces, adding the other ingredients and stirring the batch six times. Sixty percent of the total annual gross sales for chili occurred during the months from October to March.The chili product has the lowest gross network margin. The 1978 labor and surplus direct costs are listed in Table 4 below. Table 4. Cost of Chili Preparation, Overall Cost of Chili and emolument of Chili. In November 1979, Wendys became the first national restaurant chain to introduce a Salad Bar on the menu. Initial test marketing of the salad bar concept had been successful. This innovative idea too posed a dilemma. If Wendys was to follow their limited menu concept, the salad bar would potentially replace chili since it had the lowest profit margin on a full cost basis.Then, management would be faced with containing the cost of the overcooked patties that resulted from overestimating customer demand and cooking too many hamburgers. While hamburgers comprised 55 percent of total sales, chili sales comprised of five percent of total sales. The chili was most popular between the months of October through March. During these months, 60 percent of the total annual chili sales occurred. Management was faced with deciding which product would be surpass to sustain long-term profitability.Wendys revenues were derived from the sales made from company-owned restaurants, from royalties paid to the company by owners of franchised restaurants, from fees paid by the owners of franchised restaurants for technical aid and from interest earned on investments. By 1978, Wendys operated 1,407of restaurants. Of this number, 1,119 stores were owned by franchisees. Fran chised stores were strengthened to a uniformed specification and were not located within the same market line of businesss as company-owned stores. just about restaurants were located in urban or densely populated suburban areas a large garishness of customers was a primary factor for Wendys success. Each franchisee paid a $15,000 fee for technical assist prior to the opening of a restaurant for services much(prenominal) as site selection, construction objects, sign training for owners and staff members, advertising materials, national purchasing agreements and operations manuals. For 1978, company-owned stores generated 84. 13% of revenue, royalties generated 12. 65% of revenue, technical assistance fees generated 1. 87% of revenue, and interest from investments generated 1.35% of revenue. The income statement from Moodys is listed in Table 5 below (Moodys, 1980, p. 1565). Table 5. By focusing on a product differentiation marketing strategy, quality food, readily service an d reasonable prices, Wendys was able to achieve its financial success and to grow rapidly at a time when the fast-food industry appeared to be saturated. The adoption of the limited menu concept also contributed to this success. Having a limited menu concept allowed Wendys to concentrate on the quality of a few menu items and allowed Wendys to quickly prepare a meal to the customer specifications.The limited menu concept does not allow for changes in consumer preferences nor does it allow Wendys to compete with other fast food restaurants serving items such as chicken. In 1970, Wendys broke new grounds by opening a act restaurant with a unique feature. This restaurant featured a drive-thru window with a special grill within the pick-up window. Wendys was able to achieve success in their drive-thru window concept, because their product was served unused from the special grill within a short span of time.While other restaurants offered a standard product through their dive-thru wind ow, Wendys differentiated their concept by offering a product that was prepared fresh to the customers specifications. Therefore, the product submity time did not increase when preparing the order as pass on by the customer, whether in the dining room or through the pick-up window. Wendys used a product differentiation approach for their hamburgers. By marketing the hamburgers as a square patty rather than a round patty, Wendys was successful in advertising their hamburgers as old-fashioned. Wendys also cooked each hamburger in a manner that provided a customized hamburger for each customer quickly and at a reasonable price. Innovations have been the key to Wendys growth. Their innovative style of management has made Wendys a leader in the fast-food industry. By catering to young adults and adults, Wendys has attempted to create brand verity among their target customers. Wendys recognized the dynamic needs of their customers and consequently offered a dining experience that emph asised quality food, fast and friendly service within a setting that is common throughout all their restaurants.Wendys has made growth a priority in their strategic plan in order to achieve high employee retention and satisfaction rates. According to Doorley and Donovan, employee satisfaction rises when a company grows, probably because quite a little experience new challenges and are excited about being on a winning group (Swanson, 2001). The introduction of a salad bar will contribute to a diversification strategy that will also augment their innovative approach. Chart 1. Sales comparison of Wendys and competitors. Quality was a foundational component in the first Wendys restaurant.This was due largely to uncompromising passion for quality by the founder, Dave Thomas. Quality pipe down remains the top priority in the food, people and service industry. The mission statement of Wendys is To deliver superior quality products and services for our customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships (Wendys, 2004). The vision statement of Wendys is to be the quality leader in everything we do (Swanson, 2001). This core value has guided the organization and helps to define the corporate finishing and distinguished Wendys from the competitors.Business Creations recommends Wendys pursue adding salads to their limited menu concept however, this should be done as a menu item rather than as a Salad Bar concept. Since Wendys has determined a high emphasis on quality, a Salad Bar concept introduces various risk factors which whitethorn cause dissatisfaction among the customers. Risk factors such as foreign objects falling into items on the Salad Bar and the food area remaining sanitized are just two of the risk factors. Also, the Salad Bar concept would require additional labor to replenish the stock.To maintain a consistent standard, Wendys should prepare the salad and sell the item as a pre-packaged menu item. We also recommend Wendys furth er evaluate removing chili from the menu in the 128 restaurants in the southern states during the summer months since sales decrease to 40 percent during this time frame. Excess beef patties can then be used as a topping for a salad, such as a Taco Salad.References Hoovers fact sheet. (2003). Retrieved from www. hoovers. com/wendys/ID__11621/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers.com/sonic/ID__13112/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/krystal/ID__15659/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/burger-king/ID__54531/free-co-factsheet. xhtml, www. hoovers. com/mcdonalds/ID__10974/free-co-factsheet. xhtml on may 2, 2004. Moodys OTC Industrial Manual. (1980).New York, NY Moodys Investors Service, 1565. Swanson, B. (2001). New strategic plan combines the best of Wendys and Tim Hortons. Wendys Magazine. 13. Wendys strategic plan. Retrieved from www. wendys-invest. com on May 2, 2004.